--- title: Andrej Karpathy: Software Is Changing (Again) | daily.dev description: Andrej Karpathy presents his framework of three software paradigms: Software 1.0 (traditional code), Software 2.0 (neural network weights), and Software 3.0... canonical: https://daily.dev/posts/andrej-karpathy-software-is-changing-again--s4htjpqxr twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:site: @dailydotdev og:type: website og:site_name: daily.dev og:title: Andrej Karpathy: Software Is Changing (Again) | daily.dev og:description: Andrej Karpathy presents his framework of three software paradigms: Software 1.0 (traditional code), Software 2.0 (neural network weights), and Software 3.0... og:url: https://daily.dev/posts/andrej-karpathy-software-is-changing-again--s4htjpqxr og:image: https://api.daily.dev/og/posts/s4HtjPqXR.png og:image:alt: Andrej Karpathy: Software Is Changing (Again) og:image:width: 1200 og:image:height: 630 og:locale: en --- > ## Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://daily.dev/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. # Andrej Karpathy: Software Is Changing (Again) **[Hacker News](https://daily.dev/sources/hn)** · 39 min read · 7 upvotes · 0 comments ## Summary Andrej Karpathy presents his framework of three software paradigms: Software 1.0 (traditional code), Software 2.0 (neural network weights), and Software 3.0 (LLM prompts in natural language). He argues that LLMs function like new operating systems requiring partial autonomy applications rather than full automation. Karpathy emphasizes the importance of human-AI collaboration through custom interfaces, keeping AI "on the leash" with proper verification loops, and building infrastructure that accommodates both human and AI agents. He advocates for meeting LLMs halfway by creating agent-friendly documentation and APIs while maintaining human oversight in the development process. ## Full article daily.dev links to this article rather than hosting it. Read it at the original source: --- Tags: [#ai](https://daily.dev/tags/ai), [#llm](https://daily.dev/tags/llm), [#neural-networks](https://daily.dev/tags/neural-networks) [View this post on daily.dev](https://daily.dev/posts/andrej-karpathy-software-is-changing-again--s4htjpqxr) ```json {"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://daily.dev/#organization","name":"daily.dev","url":"https://daily.dev","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://daily.dev/apple-touch-icon.png","width":180,"height":180},"sameAs":["https://twitter.com/dailydotdev","https://github.com/dailydotdev","https://www.linkedin.com/company/daily-dev-ltd"]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://daily.dev/#website","url":"https://daily.dev","name":"daily.dev","publisher":{"@id":"https://daily.dev/#organization"},"potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://daily.dev/search?q={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}}]} {"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"TechArticle","headline":"Andrej Karpathy: Software Is Changing (Again)","url":"https://daily.dev/posts/andrej-karpathy-software-is-changing-again--s4htjpqxr","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://daily.dev/posts/andrej-karpathy-software-is-changing-again--s4htjpqxr"},"datePublished":"2025-06-19T03:21:40.310Z","dateModified":"2025-06-19T03:22:04.861Z","description":"Andrej Karpathy presents his framework of three software paradigms: Software 1.0 (traditional code), Software 2.0 (neural network weights), and Software 3.0...","image":"https://i.ytimg.com/vi/LCEmiRjPEtQ/sddefault.jpg","thumbnailUrl":"https://i.ytimg.com/vi/LCEmiRjPEtQ/sddefault.jpg","isAccessibleForFree":true,"articleSection":"Hacker News","inLanguage":"en","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"daily.dev","url":"https://daily.dev","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://daily.dev/apple-touch-icon.png","width":180,"height":180}},"author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Hacker News","logo":"https://media.daily.dev/image/upload/t_logo,f_auto/v1/logos/hn","url":"https://daily.dev/sources/hn"},"commentCount":0,"discussionUrl":"https://daily.dev/posts/andrej-karpathy-software-is-changing-again--s4htjpqxr","interactionStatistic":[{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":{"@type":"LikeAction"},"userInteractionCount":7},{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":{"@type":"CommentAction"},"userInteractionCount":0}],"keywords":"ai,llm,neural-networks","timeRequired":"PT39M","video":{"@type":"VideoObject","name":"Andrej Karpathy: Software Is Changing (Again)","description":"Andrej Karpathy presents his framework of three software paradigms: Software 1.0 (traditional code), Software 2.0 (neural network weights), and Software 3.0...","thumbnailUrl":"https://i.ytimg.com/vi/LCEmiRjPEtQ/sddefault.jpg","uploadDate":"2025-06-19T03:21:40.310Z","duration":"PT39M","url":"https://api.daily.dev/r/s4HtjPqXR","embedUrl":"https://www.youtube.com/embed/LCEmiRjPEtQ"}} {"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://daily.dev"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Hacker News","item":"https://daily.dev/sources/hn"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Andrej Karpathy: Software Is Changing (Again)"}]} ```