Virtual dispatch in C++ enables runtime polymorphism but introduces overhead through vtable indirection, larger object sizes, and missed inlining opportunities. Compilers can sometimes devirtualize calls automatically using flags like -fwhole-program and -flto, or via the final keyword. When devirtualization isn't possible, static polymorphism via CRTP (Curiously Recurring Template Pattern) resolves calls at compile time with zero runtime cost. C++23's 'deducing this' feature offers a cleaner alternative to CRTP by templating only the member function rather than the entire class, achieving the same optimized output without the boilerplate.
108 Impressions