There is an evergreen debate in the Java world: should you always use BigDecimal for money?   The short answer is no. The real answer is: it depends on your computational context: the precision you need, the rounding rules you must follow, and the performance budget you have.   The problem is that this conversation is often driven by dogma rather than engineering.

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A Java geek

A deep technical guide on choosing between double, BigDecimal, and fixed-point arithmetic in Java. Covers IEEE 754 internals, NaN and -0.0 edge cases, compensated summation algorithms (Kahan, Neumaier, pairwise), BigDecimal pitfalls (immutability trap, equals vs compareTo, construction from double), fast double rounding techniques, and fixed-point arithmetic using long. Also surveys libraries (JavaMoney/Moneta, Joda-Money, decimal4j, Apache Commons Numbers) and addresses production concerns: JSON serialization precision loss, testing strategies, thread safety (volatile, DoubleAdder), parallel stream non-determinism, and Project Valhalla's potential impact on numeric type performance.

double, BigDecimal, or Fixed-Point?: Precision, Performance, and Sane Choices for Numbers in Java