An overview of the principal software development methodologies applied to embedded systems, covering the common stages (requirements definition, analysis, design, implementation, integration, testing, and maintenance) and four key models: Cascade (Waterfall), Iterative, Incremental, and Spiral. Each methodology is explained with pros and cons, with guidance on when each fits firmware projects — for example, Cascade suits stable requirements, while Spiral suits safety-critical or heavily regulated software.
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