Factory Method Pattern

A deep dive into factory patterns in object-oriented design, starting from the core problem: scattered object creation logic that couples client code to concrete classes. Covers the Simple Factory (centralizing a case statement into one place), a Ruby-specific optimization using a hash of classes (since classes are first-class objects), and the GoF Factory Method pattern (a creation gap in a class hierarchy filled by subclasses). Also explains why dependency injection is often a practical alternative to the classic Factory Method, collapsing a hierarchy into a single composable class.