64% of CISOs still report to IT leadership (CIO or CTO), a structure that security experts argue creates inherent conflicts of interest. The CIO is incentivized for efficiency and delivery velocity, while the CISO must prioritize risk reduction — goals that frequently clash over budgets, patching schedules, and resource allocation. Multiple security leaders and analysts advocate for CISOs reporting directly to the CEO or general counsel to ensure unfiltered risk escalation. Some analysts point to an emerging 'Chief Digital Risk Officer' model that positions digital risk — spanning cyber, data, AI, and third-party exposure — as a board-level function alongside the CFO and CRO rather than beneath IT.
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