Knowing When CRUD & MVC Isn't Enough

MVC and CRUD patterns work well for simple apps and early-stage startups, but fall short as applications grow in complexity. The core problem is that ORM models are infrastructure concerns, not domain models, leaving business logic scattered across controllers and services — a pattern known as the Transaction Script. When apps accumulate enough business rules, it's time to adopt Domain-Driven Design concepts like Domain Events, subdomains, and bounded contexts. These allow different modules to react to significant domain changes (e.g., a JobVerified event) without coupling them together, and lay the groundwork for eventual microservices or event-driven architectures like CQRS and Event Sourcing.