--- title: MuSig1 - A Reasonably Secure Multisig Scheme | daily.dev description: MuSig1 is a 3-round multisignature protocol built on Schnorr signatures that allows co-signers to cooperatively sign a message without trusting each other or... canonical: https://daily.dev/posts/musig1---a-reasonably-secure-multisig-scheme-afev5m8j0 twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:site: @dailydotdev og:type: website og:site_name: daily.dev og:title: MuSig1 - A Reasonably Secure Multisig Scheme | daily.dev og:description: MuSig1 is a 3-round multisignature protocol built on Schnorr signatures that allows co-signers to cooperatively sign a message without trusting each other or... og:url: https://daily.dev/posts/musig1---a-reasonably-secure-multisig-scheme-afev5m8j0 og:image: https://api.daily.dev/og/posts/AfEv5M8J0.png og:image:alt: MuSig1 - A Reasonably Secure Multisig Scheme og:image:width: 1200 og:image:height: 630 og:locale: en --- > ## Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://daily.dev/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. # MuSig1 - A Reasonably Secure Multisig Scheme **[Conduition](https://daily.dev/sources/conduition)** · 13 min read · 0 upvotes · 0 comments ## Summary MuSig1 is a 3-round multisignature protocol built on Schnorr signatures that allows co-signers to cooperatively sign a message without trusting each other or proving Knowledge-of-Secret-Key. The post walks through the security problems that must be solved: Rogue Key Attacks (addressed via per-signer key coefficients derived from namespaced hashes) and Wagner's Generalized Birthday Attack (addressed via nonce commitments). The full MuSig1 protocol is then presented step-by-step: key aggregation with key coefficients, nonce commitments, message fixation before nonce reveal, partial signing, and final signature aggregation and verification. ## Full article daily.dev links to this article rather than hosting it. Read it at the original source: --- Tags: [#blockchain](https://daily.dev/tags/blockchain), [#cryptography](https://daily.dev/tags/cryptography), [#bitcoin](https://daily.dev/tags/bitcoin) [View this post on daily.dev](https://daily.dev/posts/musig1---a-reasonably-secure-multisig-scheme-afev5m8j0) ```json {"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://daily.dev/#organization","name":"daily.dev","url":"https://daily.dev","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://daily.dev/apple-touch-icon.png","width":180,"height":180},"sameAs":["https://twitter.com/dailydotdev","https://github.com/dailydotdev","https://www.linkedin.com/company/daily-dev-ltd"]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://daily.dev/#website","url":"https://daily.dev","name":"daily.dev","publisher":{"@id":"https://daily.dev/#organization"},"potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://daily.dev/search?q={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}}]} {"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"TechArticle","headline":"MuSig1 - A Reasonably Secure Multisig Scheme","url":"https://daily.dev/posts/musig1---a-reasonably-secure-multisig-scheme-afev5m8j0","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://daily.dev/posts/musig1---a-reasonably-secure-multisig-scheme-afev5m8j0"},"datePublished":"2026-03-31T12:26:37.734Z","dateModified":"2026-03-31T12:32:24.708Z","description":"MuSig1 is a 3-round multisignature protocol built on Schnorr signatures that allows co-signers to cooperatively sign a message without trusting each other or...","image":"https://media.daily.dev/image/upload/s--VDukGCjf--/f_auto/v1722860399/public/Placeholder%2002","thumbnailUrl":"https://media.daily.dev/image/upload/s--VDukGCjf--/f_auto/v1722860399/public/Placeholder%2002","isAccessibleForFree":true,"articleSection":"Conduition","inLanguage":"en","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"daily.dev","url":"https://daily.dev","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://daily.dev/apple-touch-icon.png","width":180,"height":180}},"author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Conduition","logo":"https://media.daily.dev/image/upload/s--ccPW9yO---/f_auto,q_auto/v1774959966/logos/conduition?_a=BAMAMiWQ0","url":"https://daily.dev/sources/conduition"},"commentCount":0,"discussionUrl":"https://daily.dev/posts/musig1---a-reasonably-secure-multisig-scheme-afev5m8j0","interactionStatistic":[{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":{"@type":"LikeAction"},"userInteractionCount":0},{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":{"@type":"CommentAction"},"userInteractionCount":0}],"keywords":"blockchain,cryptography,bitcoin","timeRequired":"PT13M"} {"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://daily.dev"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Conduition","item":"https://daily.dev/sources/conduition"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"MuSig1 - A Reasonably Secure Multisig Scheme"}]} ```