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# Sequential Fitting: A Different Perspective on the Spectral Bias of Neural Networks

**[Towards Data Science](https://daily.dev/sources/tds)** · 15 min read · 0 upvotes · 0 comments

## Summary

This research article introduces 'sequential fitting' as a new lens for understanding the spectral bias of neural networks — the well-known phenomenon where MLPs learn low-frequency components before high-frequency ones. The authors demonstrate that MLP networks with tanh activations fit high-frequency regression targets starting from domain boundaries and progressing inward, building one oscillation at a time. They also identify a 'boundary effect': two functions with nearly identical Fourier spectra can behave very differently as regression targets depending on how oscillations behave near domain boundaries. A basis function analysis reveals that these networks iteratively construct smoothed step functions rather than oscillatory bases, explaining the slow convergence on high-frequency targets. The phenomenon is demonstrated in both 1D and 2D regression settings, and contrasted with SIREN networks, which build oscillatory bases and avoid sequential fitting.

## Full article

daily.dev links to this article rather than hosting it. Read it at the original source: <https://towardsdatascience.com/sequential-fitting-a-different-perspective-on-the-spectral-bias-of-neural-networks>

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