--- title: The State of Post-Quantum Cryptography | daily.dev description: The post-quantum cryptography (PQC) transition is progressing unevenly: encryption (key establishment) is well underway with ML-KEM hybrids already securing... canonical: https://daily.dev/posts/the-state-of-post-quantum-cryptography-hjfyungt7 twitter:card: summary_large_image twitter:site: @dailydotdev og:type: website og:site_name: daily.dev og:title: The State of Post-Quantum Cryptography | daily.dev og:description: The post-quantum cryptography (PQC) transition is progressing unevenly: encryption (key establishment) is well underway with ML-KEM hybrids already securing... og:url: https://daily.dev/posts/the-state-of-post-quantum-cryptography-hjfyungt7 og:image: https://api.daily.dev/og/posts/hJfyUNGt7.png og:image:alt: The State of Post-Quantum Cryptography og:image:width: 1200 og:image:height: 630 og:locale: en --- > ## Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://daily.dev/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. # The State of Post-Quantum Cryptography **[Feisty Duck](https://daily.dev/sources/feistyduck)** · 6 min read · 0 upvotes · 0 comments ## Summary The post-quantum cryptography (PQC) transition is progressing unevenly: encryption (key establishment) is well underway with ML-KEM hybrids already securing most web traffic, but authentication remains a harder, messier problem. NIST standardized ML-KEM and ML-DSA in 2024, and these algorithms are now in major libraries and OS distributions. However, Google's rejection of ML-DSA for public certificates in favor of Merkle Tree Certificates (MTC) is fragmenting the PKI ecosystem. MTC adds significant complexity — new CA infrastructure, rebuilt ACME, more certificate types per server, and multi-step rotation. The deeper unsolved problem is downgrade attacks on authentication: once cryptographically-relevant quantum computers (CRQCs) exist, attackers could mint fraudulent certificates using compromised CA keys, and simply deploying PQC certificates isn't enough — all non-PQC cryptography must be disabled. Deadlines have tightened from 2035 to 2029 for major vendors, and a new signaling mechanism is still needed to selectively enforce PQC-only authentication before the full transition completes. ## Full article daily.dev links to this article rather than hosting it. Read it at the original source: ## Similar posts on daily.dev - [Post-quantum cryptography adoption and the national security implications](https://daily.dev/posts/post-quantum-cryptography-adoption-and-the-national-security-implications-w7aiyrr9g) · CSO Online · 0 upvotes · 0 comments - [Post‑Quantum Authentication: How Consumer Apps Can Stay Secure in a Quantum‑Ready World?](https://daily.dev/posts/post-quantum-authentication-how-consumer-apps-can-stay-secure-in-a-quantum-ready-world--xvcpygmkq) · Security Boulevard · 0 upvotes · 0 comments - [PQC in Plaintext: Google Cloud’s post-quantum cryptography roadmap](https://daily.dev/posts/pqc-in-plaintext-google-cloud-s-post-quantum-cryptography-roadmap-bmttgmgmo) · Google Cloud · 0 upvotes · 0 comments - [Microsoft, Google and Cloudflare just made 2029 the new quantum deadline](https://daily.dev/posts/microsoft-google-and-cloudflare-just-made-2029-the-new-quantum-deadline-r6dmkegc7) · The New Stack · 0 upvotes · 0 comments --- Tags: [#quantum-computing](https://daily.dev/tags/quantum-computing), [#cryptography](https://daily.dev/tags/cryptography), [#pki](https://daily.dev/tags/pki) [View this post on daily.dev](https://daily.dev/posts/the-state-of-post-quantum-cryptography-hjfyungt7) ```json {"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://daily.dev/#organization","name":"daily.dev","url":"https://daily.dev","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://daily.dev/apple-touch-icon.png","width":180,"height":180},"sameAs":["https://twitter.com/dailydotdev","https://github.com/dailydotdev","https://www.linkedin.com/company/daily-dev-ltd"]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://daily.dev/#website","url":"https://daily.dev","name":"daily.dev","publisher":{"@id":"https://daily.dev/#organization"},"potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://daily.dev/search?q={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}}]} {"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"TechArticle","headline":"The State of Post-Quantum Cryptography","url":"https://daily.dev/posts/the-state-of-post-quantum-cryptography-hjfyungt7","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://daily.dev/posts/the-state-of-post-quantum-cryptography-hjfyungt7"},"datePublished":"2026-07-30T09:41:08.984Z","dateModified":"2026-07-30T09:41:31.368Z","description":"The post-quantum cryptography (PQC) transition is progressing unevenly: encryption (key establishment) is well underway with ML-KEM hybrids already securing...","image":"https://media.daily.dev/image/upload/s--qPvKM23u--/f_auto/v1722860399/public/Placeholder%2009","thumbnailUrl":"https://media.daily.dev/image/upload/s--qPvKM23u--/f_auto/v1722860399/public/Placeholder%2009","isAccessibleForFree":true,"articleSection":"Feisty Duck","inLanguage":"en","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"daily.dev","url":"https://daily.dev","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://daily.dev/apple-touch-icon.png","width":180,"height":180}},"author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Feisty Duck","logo":"https://media.daily.dev/image/upload/t_logo,f_auto/v1/logos/59577cbb7af9485c86e436fa6bacece0","url":"https://daily.dev/sources/feistyduck"},"commentCount":0,"discussionUrl":"https://daily.dev/posts/the-state-of-post-quantum-cryptography-hjfyungt7","interactionStatistic":[{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":{"@type":"LikeAction"},"userInteractionCount":0},{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":{"@type":"CommentAction"},"userInteractionCount":0}],"keywords":"quantum-computing,cryptography,pki","timeRequired":"PT6M"} {"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://daily.dev"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Feisty Duck","item":"https://daily.dev/sources/feistyduck"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"The State of Post-Quantum Cryptography"}]} ```