Rotating proxies solve the problem of scrapers getting blocked by distributing requests across many IP addresses instead of sending them all from one. A rotating proxy gateway picks a different IP from a pool for each request or session, preventing any single IP from triggering rate limits. There are four main proxy types: residential (real home IPs, harder to detect), datacenter (fast and cheap but easier to spot), mobile (cellular network IPs), and ISP proxies (datacenter speed with residential registration). Key use cases include web scraping, price monitoring, market research, ad verification, SEO tracking, and brand protection. Static proxies are better when session continuity is required. Responsible use means respecting robots.txt, terms of service, and only collecting publicly available data.