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# Why some nitrogen-processing enzymes are more efficient than others

**[MIT News](https://daily.dev/sources/mit)** · 5 min read · 0 upvotes · 0 comments

## Summary

Two MIT studies published in Chem explain why molybdenum-containing nitrogenase enzymes are the most efficient at converting nitrogen gas into ammonia. Researchers found that molybdenum, despite not directly binding to nitrogen, enhances nearby iron atoms' ability to bind N₂ through a process called back-bonding — molybdenum's large atomic orbitals overlap with iron's, altering its electron density and enabling stronger N₂ binding. Simpler synthetic iron-sulfur cluster models were used to test different metal substitutions, confirming that only large metals like molybdenum or tungsten enabled strong N₂ binding. The findings could inform the design of engineered enzymes or synthetic catalysts to produce ammonia more efficiently than the industrial Haber-Bosch process.

## Full article

daily.dev links to this article rather than hosting it. Read it at the original source: <https://news.mit.edu/2026/why-some-nitrogen-processing-enzymes-are-more-efficient-0730>

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